Dozens of migrants sat on long benches on a U.S. military plane as it waited to leave the West Texas airport. They were shackled and handcuffed yet dressed casually, mostly in jeans and sweatshirts. All wore light blue surgical masks.
One man, an eyebrow raised, looked straight at Associated Press photographer Christian Chavez as the deportation flight sat on the tarmac at Fort Bliss, the U.S. Army base in El Paso, Texas, preparing to take the migrants to Guatemala.
It was Jan. 30, 2025. President Donald Trump had been sworn into office again just 10 days earlier, signing a series of executive orders to crack down on immigration and vowing to “begin the process of returning millions and millions of criminal aliens back to the places from which they came.”
His focus would be on violent criminals — the “worst of the worst” as officials have repeatedly insisted — and ending what Trump called an invasion on the southern border.
A protester taunts a line of California National Guard protecting a federal building in downtown Los Angeles, June 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
A protester taunts a line of California National Guard protecting a federal building in downtown Los Angeles, June 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A protester is arrested by California Highway Patrol near the federal building in downtown Los Angeles, June 10, 2025. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
A protester is arrested by California Highway Patrol near the federal building in downtown Los Angeles, June 10, 2025. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Migrants wearing face masks and shackles on their hands and feet sit on a military aircraft at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, Jan. 30, 2025, awaiting their deportation to Guatemala. (AP Photo/Christian Chavez, File)
Migrants wearing face masks and shackles on their hands and feet sit on a military aircraft at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, Jan. 30, 2025, awaiting their deportation to Guatemala. (AP Photo/Christian Chavez, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Migrants walk into Mexico after being deported from the United States at El Chaparral pedestrian border bridge in Tijuana, Mexico, Jan. 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Felix Marquez, File)
Migrants walk into Mexico after being deported from the United States at El Chaparral pedestrian border bridge in Tijuana, Mexico, Jan. 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Felix Marquez, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
People place flowers on a fence outside Krome Detention Center in Miami, May 24, 2025, during a vigil to recognize people who have died in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, as well as those affected by mass deportations. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
People place flowers on a fence outside Krome Detention Center in Miami, May 24, 2025, during a vigil to recognize people who have died in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, as well as those affected by mass deportations. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A group of migrants wait to be processed between two border walls separating Mexico and the United States after crossing illegally before dawn, Jan. 21, 2025, in San Diego. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull, File)
A group of migrants wait to be processed between two border walls separating Mexico and the United States after crossing illegally before dawn, Jan. 21, 2025, in San Diego. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Detainees wave and spell out SOS to a helicopter flying overhead, at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Krome Detention Center, July 4, 2025, in Miami. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
Detainees wave and spell out SOS to a helicopter flying overhead, at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Krome Detention Center, July 4, 2025, in Miami. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
People take pictures in front of a sign reading “Alligator Alcatraz” as passersby, some opposed, some in support, visit the entrance to an immigration detention center in the Florida Everglades, Aug. 28, 2025, in Collier County, Fla. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
People take pictures in front of a sign reading “Alligator Alcatraz” as passersby, some opposed, some in support, visit the entrance to an immigration detention center in the Florida Everglades, Aug. 28, 2025, in Collier County, Fla. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
But in the year since Trump returned to office, AP photographers have found a far more complex situation, with migrants arriving for routine asylum hearings being grabbed by masked immigration agents, families pulled apart and students deported. They have followed the immigration story across the United States, to Latin America and to Africa.
Their photos show how the crackdown has torn at an already-divided nation, whether Rebecca Blackwell’s image of tourists posing at the sign for the Florida Everglades immigration detention center known as “ Alligator Alcatraz,” or Jae C. Hong’s photos of California Highway Patrol officers dodging brick-sized rocks thrown by protesters.
Kilmar Abrego Garcia, center, and his brother Cesar Abrego Garcia, left, arrive at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement field office in Baltimore, Aug. 25, 2025. (AP Photo/Stephanie Scarbrough, File)
Kilmar Abrego Garcia, center, and his brother Cesar Abrego Garcia, left, arrive at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement field office in Baltimore, Aug. 25, 2025. (AP Photo/Stephanie Scarbrough, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Venezuelan migrants depart Jaque on Panama’s Pacific coast en route to Jurado, Colombia, as they return home after failing to enter the United States, Sept. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File)
Venezuelan migrants depart Jaque on Panama’s Pacific coast en route to Jurado, Colombia, as they return home after failing to enter the United States, Sept. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A U.S. Marine Osprey is flown over the border, Jan. 31, 2025, near San Diego. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
A U.S. Marine Osprey is flown over the border, Jan. 31, 2025, near San Diego. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Protesters confront police on the 101 Freeway near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
Protesters confront police on the 101 Freeway near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY – Demonstrators shut down the 101 freeway during a protest calling for immigration reform, Feb. 2, 2025, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY – Demonstrators shut down the 101 freeway during a protest calling for immigration reform, Feb. 2, 2025, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
As prisoners stand looking out from a cell, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem speaks during a tour of the Terrorist Confinement Center in Tecoluca, El Salvador, March 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)
As prisoners stand looking out from a cell, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem speaks during a tour of the Terrorist Confinement Center in Tecoluca, El Salvador, March 26, 2025. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A police officer’s face is covered in pepper spray outside the Metropolitan Detention Center of downtown Los Angeles, Sunday, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae Hong, File)
A police officer’s face is covered in pepper spray outside the Metropolitan Detention Center of downtown Los Angeles, Sunday, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae Hong, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Two California Highway Patrol officers try to dodge rocks being thrown near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
Two California Highway Patrol officers try to dodge rocks being thrown near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY A flash bomb explodes on the 101 Freeway near the Metropolitan Detention Center of downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY A flash bomb explodes on the 101 Freeway near the Metropolitan Detention Center of downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025, following an immigration raid protest the night before. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY – Protesters against U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement raids pass diners while marching through San Francisco’s Mission district, June 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Noah Berger, File)
EDS NOTE: OBSCENITY – Protesters against U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement raids pass diners while marching through San Francisco’s Mission district, June 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Noah Berger, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Narel Lopez comforts her daughters after her husband and a son were detained and taken away in a bus following an appearance at immigration court, June 25, 2025, in San Antonio, Texas. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
Narel Lopez comforts her daughters after her husband and a son were detained and taken away in a bus following an appearance at immigration court, June 25, 2025, in San Antonio, Texas. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A masked federal agent waits outside an immigration courtroom, July 8, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Olga Fedorova, File)
A masked federal agent waits outside an immigration courtroom, July 8, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Olga Fedorova, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents escort a detained immigrant into an elevator after he exited an immigration courtroom, June 17, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Olga Fedorova, File)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents escort a detained immigrant into an elevator after he exited an immigration courtroom, June 17, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Olga Fedorova, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Federal agents detain Carlos Javier Lopez Benitez, center, from Paraguay as they pull away his sister, Porfiria Lopez, a U.S. citizen, left, outside immigration court at the Jacob K. Javits federal building, July 16, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Yuki Iwamura, File)
Federal agents detain Carlos Javier Lopez Benitez, center, from Paraguay as they pull away his sister, Porfiria Lopez, a U.S. citizen, left, outside immigration court at the Jacob K. Javits federal building, July 16, 2025, in New York. (AP Photo/Yuki Iwamura, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A protester is sprayed by a Department of Homeland Security officer outside a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility, Oct. 2, 2025, in Portland, Ore. (AP Photo/Jenny Kane, File)
A protester is sprayed by a Department of Homeland Security officer outside a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility, Oct. 2, 2025, in Portland, Ore. (AP Photo/Jenny Kane, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
An immigration official wears a face mask depicting a cigar and beard as he waits to transport detained immigrants, July 23, 2025, in Baldwin Park, Calif. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull, File)
An immigration official wears a face mask depicting a cigar and beard as he waits to transport detained immigrants, July 23, 2025, in Baldwin Park, Calif. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Haitian immigrant Nicole, who works at a meat processing plant, holds wildflowers she picked near her apartment, April 13, 2025, in Dumas, Texas. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
Haitian immigrant Nicole, who works at a meat processing plant, holds wildflowers she picked near her apartment, April 13, 2025, in Dumas, Texas. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Venezuelan migrant Luisleibis Navarro carries her son, as he waits to board a boat departing from Panama’s Caribbean coastal village of Miramar to the border with Colombia, Feb. 27, 2025. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File)
Venezuelan migrant Luisleibis Navarro carries her son, as he waits to board a boat departing from Panama’s Caribbean coastal village of Miramar to the border with Colombia, Feb. 27, 2025. (AP Photo/Matias Delacroix, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
People take cover as a fireworks explosion occurs during a protest near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025. (AP Photo/Ethan Swope, File)
People take cover as a fireworks explosion occurs during a protest near the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown Los Angeles, June 8, 2025. (AP Photo/Ethan Swope, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Law enforcement officers stand after deploying tear gas outside a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility during a protest, Oct. 4, 2025, in Portland, Ore. (AP Photo/Jenny Kane, File)
Law enforcement officers stand after deploying tear gas outside a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facility during a protest, Oct. 4, 2025, in Portland, Ore. (AP Photo/Jenny Kane, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
A woman from Peru signals through the barred and tinted windows of a bus after she was detained following an appearance at immigration court, June 23, 2025, in San Antonio. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
A woman from Peru signals through the barred and tinted windows of a bus after she was detained following an appearance at immigration court, June 23, 2025, in San Antonio. (AP Photo/Eric Gay, File)
Add AP News on Google
Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google.
Share
Read More
Trump’s anti-immigrant rhetoric helped him win the 2024 election, but polling shows that U.S. adults have become more likely than they were in January to think immigrants benefit the country and less likely to say the number of legal immigrants to the U.S. should be reduced.
Photographers are sometimes able to capture the myriad issues of an immigrant’s story.
And sometimes, an image can only hint at someone’s story.
Like the ghostly image captured by Eric Gay outside a San Antonio immigration court, with the palms of a Peruvian woman pressed against the barred windows of a bus.